Microwave Plasma RWGS+

Solving the green syngas gap.

refuel.green turns renewable H₂ and captured CO₂ into FT-, methanol- and DRI-ready green syngas — modular, catalyst-free and engineered for industrial economics.

85%single-pass CO₂ conversion *
1 kWh/kgelectricity per kg syngas *
1:1 → >2:1variable H₂:CO ratio
0catalyst required
* combined TRL 7 goal
refuel.green modular RWGS+ container concept
TRL 4achieved
TRL 5industrial prototype started
Product architecture 1 MW / 40 ft standardized container module
The missing process step

The e-fuel value chain needs green syngas.

Fischer-Tropsch e-fuels and e-methanol need a reliable source of syngas from renewable hydrogen and captured CO₂. Today, this conversion step is still a major technical and economic bottleneck.

RWGS+ is designed to close that gap with a highly modular microwave-plasma process that can sit between hydrogen/CO₂ supply and downstream synthesis.

H₂
green hydrogen
CO₂
captured CO₂
RWGS+microwave plasma
H₂+CO
ready syngas
FTMeOHDRI⋯
multiple use cases
Co-funded by the European Union Free State of Saxony

The development of our innovative technology for a sustainable future is financially supported by the European Union. As part of the funded project, we aim to make an important contribution to the defossilization of industry.

In detail: refuel.green is developing a microwave-plasma reactor that converts CO₂ into green carbon monoxide (CO), an important chemical feedstock, while simultaneously treating industrial wastewater wherever possible. This innovative process enables the climate-neutral use of CO₂ as a resource, reduces greenhouse-gas emissions and breaks down contaminants in the supplied wastewater at the same time. The technology combines a simple modular design with low operating pressures and requires no catalysts, which both reduces costs and enables operation in a range of industrial applications.

The project’s objectives go beyond technical innovation: refuel.green aims to create an economically viable alternative to fossil-based processes and thereby transform the chemical industry, aviation and other hard-to-electrify sectors sustainably. The work focuses in particular on increasing the chemical conversion of CO₂ and improving electrical energy efficiency, as these are the key indicators for realizing an economically competitive product.

Implementing the project will enable refuel.green to advance its technologies to a higher technical level and prepare for market entry. With the planned market launch of modular reactors by 2029, refuel.green will play a key role in the transformation toward a CO₂-neutral industry.

This groundbreaking technology exemplifies Saxony’s innovative strength and demonstrates how companies can contribute through research and development both to achieving climate targets and to strengthening the region’s economy.

Technology edge

Built around the economics that make PtX projects work.

The RWGS+ architecture targets high conversion, low complexity, modular scaling and flexible syngas production — without a catalyst dependency.

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Best performance

85% single-pass CO₂ conversion at 1 kWh(el.AC)/kg syngas.

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Low CAPEX

Simplified high-temperature process and standardized hardware architecture.

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Dynamic optimization

Operating strategy can respond to electricity, feedstock and market price fluctuations within seconds.

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Modular & scalable

Scale by adding standardized modules instead of redesigning the core process.

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Variable syngas ratio

H₂:CO from 1:1 to above 2:1 for different downstream pathways.

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Direct tail-gas reforming

Designed to accept recycled FT tail gas without separate pre-reforming.

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No catalyst

Zero catalyst-related CAPEX, maintenance and replacement exposure.

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Super-robust design

Designed for low soot formation and reduced metal dusting risk.

Concept of a standardized refuel.green 1 MW container module
1 MWelectrical module
40 ftstandard container
Developed for EPC integration

A standardized module for industrial plants.

The technology is embodied in standardized 1 MW, 40-foot container modules designed to give EPC partners a repeatable building block for e-fuel & DRI plants.

1 MWmodule size
≈1 t/hsyngas per module
≈30modules for a 100m L/a e-SAF reference plant

✓Commercial off-the-shelf microwave generators

✓Standardized interface for EPC-led plant integration

✓Parallel modular scaling from prototype to commercial plant

Discuss EPC integration →
Scale by replication

From one module to plant-scale syngas.

A modular architecture lets project developers add capacity in repeatable increments — while EPC partners retain plant-level engineering ownership.

Economics — the core USP

Targeting a ≥ 20% syngas cost advantage.

Based on refuel.green's calculations, RWGS+ targets materially lower syngas cost than state-of-the-art RWGS, co-SOEC and microwave-plasma routes.

Indicative syngas cost€/t

Pitch-deck calculation basis: €0.05/kWh electricity · €2.5/kg H₂ · €150/t CO₂ · H₂:CO = 1.8:1. Target values, not guarantees.

Capital-light business model

EPC-led scale. refuel.green value capture.

EPC partners bring global project execution and customer access; refuel.green provides the core technology at very low CAPEX.

≈ €1mper 1 MW module – TRL 9 goal
One core molecule. Multiple markets.

Syngas is the gateway to hard-to-abate molecules.

RWGS+ is positioned upstream of several large PtX value chains, creating strategic relevance beyond one single end product.

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e-SAF

Aviation

FT-ready syngas for synthetic aviation fuel projects facing rising SAF demand and quota pressure.

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e-MeOH

Shipping

Flexible H₂:CO ratios support methanol-oriented PtX pathways and maritime decarbonization.

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PtX

Chemicals

A non-fossil syngas route for chemical intermediates and drop-in production pathways.

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DRI

Iron & steel

Potential reducing gas for direct reduced iron (DRI), combining H₂ and CO in a configurable feed.

Application perspective · DRI (Direct Reduced Iron)

From steelworks CO₂ to tailored reducing gas.

RWGS+ can use captured CO₂ from steelmaking with renewable H₂ to generate an H₂/CO mixture for a suitable DRI process.

Steelmaking emissionsCaptured CO₂
Hydrogen supplyRenewable H₂
RWGS+ moduleH₂ + CO
Integrated reductionDRI process

Why H₂ + CO?

Hydrogen supports fast ore reduction; CO also acts as a reducing agent and can contribute carbon to the iron. Unlike pure-H₂ operation, a mixed gas offers another lever for the furnace heat balance and DRI carbon content.

Integration requirements

Gas purification, H₂ availability, the optimum H₂:CO ratio, carbon deposition, CO₂ balance and the DRI furnace design must be validated for each project. Direct use of untreated steelworks off-gas is not assumed.

Technical context: DLR, Carburization in direct reduction (2026).

Contact us to discuss your requirements with our specialist →
Market context · Republic of Korea

Policy momentum for CCU and synthetic fuels.

EU frameworks include RED III, the RFNBO rules and ReFuelEU Aviation. In parallel, South Korea has introduced a CCUS legal framework, recognizes renewable synthetic fuels in petroleum law, and has announced SAF blending obligations.

2025

CCUS legal framework

The Act on Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, Storage and Utilization took effect on 7 February 2025.

Official source ↗
2024

Renewable synthetic fuels recognized

Since 7 August 2024, petroleum-alternative-fuel law has included renewable synthetic fuels made from hydrogen and renewable carbon.

Official source ↗
2027

1% SAF blending roadmap

The Korean government’s 2025 roadmap provides for 1% SAF blending from 2027 for fuel supplied to international flights departing Korea; this is not an e-SAF-specific quota.

Official source ↗

Regulatory snapshot: November 2026. Final project eligibility depends on applicable law, fuel certification, lifecycle emissions and implementation rules.

Strategic investment case

Technology ownership in a critical PtX bottleneck.

For a strategic investor, the value is not only the module business. It is access to a differentiated syngas technology that can strengthen an existing e-fuels, methanol, DRI, EPC or industrial-gas portfolio.

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Defensible technologyIP strategy targets key conversion, energy, catalyst-free and flexibility advantages.

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Strategic fitComplementary to FT, methanol, DRI, hydrogen, CO₂ capture and EPC portfolios.

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Multiple revenue streamsEquipment, licensing, engineering and recurring royalties.

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M&A optionalityA strategic partner can secure access early and retain a path toward deeper integration.

Scale-up roadmap

De-risk, validate, then scale by orders of magnitude.

2026
10 kW

Lab Demo

TRL 4 achieved

2027
10 kW

Industrial Prototype

TRL 5 target

2029
100 kW

Industrial Prototype

TRL 6 target

2031
1,000 kW

Commercial Pre-Series

TRL 7 target

Partner-enabled alternatives

Faster paths are possible — with the right partners.

Partner-supported scenario2031 → 2030

1 MW demonstration / pre-series possible with committed demo partners, a site and financing.

Ambitious best-case scenario2031 → 2029

100 kW in 2028, followed by 1 MW in 2029, subject to accelerated engineering and validation.

Industry validation

Scaling partners are already engaged.

C1 Green ChemicalsLOI
Welcomes refuel.green's technology and supports its validation and scale-up.
Uniper KraftwerkeLOI
Would like to explore the possibility of collaborating on demonstration projects.
Execution team

Technology, product-market fit and finance in one team.

The core team combines hands-on technology development with PtX industry access and investor-facing execution – and is ready to scale as needed with identified experts.

15+ yrsrelevant technical experienceStrong networkacross PtX and industrial partners
Sebastian Becker

Sebastian Becker

Technology & Product

Robert Schmid

Robert Schmid

Product-Market-Fit

Simon Vogt

Simon Vogt

Finance & Investor Relations

Strategic dialogue

Close the syngas gap with us.

Whether you are evaluating a strategic investment, an EPC integration or a future e-SAF / DRI project, we would like to discuss where RWGS+ fits your value chain.

Email Sebastian Becker +49 160 9581 8581 sebastian.becker@refuel.green Maria-Reiche-Str. 3 · 01109 Dresden · Germany